Stubborn Realism. What Kind of Fiction is Reality?

The essay surveys the problem of pictorial realism. More accurately it focuses on the conceptual conditions and acquired circumstances of vision which influences the perception of reality, as well as the perception of the reality qualities of pictures. The author also tries to show the significant difference between filmic realism theories (those of Bazin, Barthes, Kracauer) and the opinions which argue that the realistic representation does not depend on simple imitation but on inculcation (Goodman, Nietzsche).